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Field Crops> Wheat
(Triticum aestivum L.)>
Classification
Wheat is an annual plant of Gramineae
family. It belongs to genus Triticum. Although as many
as 18 species of wheat have been describe and recognised
by Percival (1921) only a few are of importance in agriculture.
The following is the classification on the basis of
chromosomal number:
| Einkorn series (diploid) |
Chromosome No. |
| 1. Triticum aegiloploids |
7 |
| 2. Triticum monecoccum |
7 |
| Einkorn Series
(tetraploid) |
| Triticum dicoccoides |
14 |
| Triticum timopheevi |
14 |
| Triticum persicum |
14 |
| Triticum polonicum |
14 |
| Triticum turgidum |
14 |
| Triticum orientale |
14 |
| Triticum durum |
14 |
| Triticum dicoccum |
14 |
| Dinkale series
(hexaploid) |
| 1. Triticum spelts |
21 |
| 2.Triticum macha |
21 |
| 3.Triticum aestivum or vulgare |
21 |
In India only three species of wheat
namely Triticum aestivum (common bread wheat), Triticum
durum (macaroni or durum wheat) and Triticum dicoccum
(emmer wheat) are economically important. The bread
wheat (Triticum aestivum) is the most important species
accounting to a little over 87 per cent of the total
wheat production of India followed by the durum wheat
(about 12 per cent) and dicoccum wheat (about 1 per
cent). The common wheat (T. aestivum) which is good
for chapati making and bakery products, is grown in
whole of North India and also in Central and South India.
The durum wheat which is good for 'suji', 'semya', 'sphagetti'
and 'macaronil' is grown only in Central and South India
and that too under rainfed conditions. The dicoccum
wheat is grown only on limited acreage in Tamil Nadu,
Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra and Gujarat. It is good
for the South India dish 'Uppumav'.
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